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5 article(s) from Ruppert, Michael G.

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

David M. Harcombe,
Michael G. Ruppert and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

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Figure 1: (a) Schematic diagram of sample topography amplitude-modulating a cantilever the oscillation of whi...

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Figure 2: Visualization of off-mode rejection in the frequency domain for a demodulator magnitude frequency r...

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Figure 3: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency lock-in amplifier implementation. The zoom-box displ...

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Figure 4: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency coherent demodulator implementation. The zoom-box di...

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Figure 5: Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter implementation.

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Figure 6: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency Lyapunov filter implementation. The zoom-box display...

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Figure 7: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency direct-design filter implementation. The zoom-box di...

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Figure 8: Experimental off-mode rejection results. Here each multifrequency demodulator is on a single row an...

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Figure 9: Experimental amplitude estimation error and power spectral density of amplitude estimation for the ...

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Figure 10: Higher-harmonic amplitude AFM imaging performed with the fundamental mode of a TAP190G cantilever o...

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Review

Published 07 Jan 2020

Full text

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

David M. Harcombe,
Michael G. Ruppert,
Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

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Figure 1: Block diagram of the multifrequency AFM control loop.

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Figure 2: Block diagram of a single-frequency Lyapunov filter. The pink shaded area highlights the calculatio...

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Figure 3: Block diagram of a multifrequency Lyapunov filter.

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Figure 4: (a) Simulated and (b) experimentally obtained frequency responses of the Lyapunov filter with a car...

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Figure 5: Experimental frequency responses from a single-frequency Lyapunov filter with five carrier frequenc...

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Figure 6: The effect of channel cross-coupling on tracking bandwidth for a system based on two frequencies. T...

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Figure 7: Experimental and simulated off-mode rejection frequency responses for both (a–e) fast demodulator (...

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Figure 8: Experimental frequency response of the NSG01 cantilever in free air and the power spectrum of the t...

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Figure 9: Higher harmonic (amplitude) AFM imaging with a (a–f) lock-in amplifier and (g–l) multifrequency Lya...

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Figure 10: Experimental frequency response of the DMASP cantilever in free air and the power spectrum of the t...

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Figure 11: Higher-harmonic AFM imaging performed with the fundamental mode of the DMASP cantilever on a PS/LPD...

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Full Research Paper

Published 08 Feb 2018

Full text

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

Michael G. Ruppert,
David M. Harcombe,
Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
S. O. Reza Moheimani and
Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

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Figure 1: (a) Time-domain example of an amplitude modulated signal with carrier frequency f_c = 50 Hz, modulat...

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Figure 2: Classification of demodulation methods discussed in this paper.

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Figure 3: (a) Functional block diagram of the lock-in amplifier implementation and (b) illustrative double-si...

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Figure 4: (a) Functional block diagram of the high-bandwidth lock-in amplifier implementation and (b) illustr...

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Figure 5: General block diagram of the Kalman filter for demodulation. Thick lines indicate vector-valued sig...

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Figure 6: Functional block diagram of the Lyapunov filter implementation.

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Figure 7: Functional block diagram of (a) moving average filter and (b) mean absolute deviation measurement t...

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Figure 8: Functional block diagram of (a) the peak hold method and (b) the modified peak hold method based on...

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Figure 9: Functional block diagram of the coherent demodulator implementation.

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Figure 10: Schematic signal flow of the numerical integration scheme employed by the coherent demodulator with...

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Figure 11: Tracking bandwidth frequency response of the demodulators showing the −3 dB tracking bandwidth and ...

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Figure 12: Off-mode rejection of the demodulators for a carrier frequency of f_c = 50 kHz and a tracking bandwi...

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Figure 13: Off-mode rejection of (a) fourth-order lock-in amplifier and (b) first-order Kalman filter for a ca...

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Figure 14: Schematic block diagram of the reference experiment of filtering a band-limited white noise process...

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Figure 15: Schematic block diagram of bandwidth-vs-noise experiment of recovering an amplitude-modulated band-...

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Figure 16: Tracking bandwidth vs total integrated noise (TIN) for each demodulator (blue circles) and for a lo...

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Figure 17: (a) Frequency response of the DMASP cantilever in open-loop (blue) and for various quality factor c...

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Figure 18: 3D image, 2D image and cross section of amplitude estimates obtained from (a) lock-in amplifier wit...

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Figure 19: 3D image, 2D image and cross section of amplitude estimates obtained from (a) lock-in amplifier wit...

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Figure 20: Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter implementation. Thick lines indicate vector-valued si...

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Figure 21: Maximum tracking bandwidth of (a) coherent demodulator (n = 6) and (b) half-period coherent demodul...

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Figure 22: Relationship between demodulator tuning variable and achievable tracking bandwidth.

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Figure 23: Experimental and theoretical total integrated noise of a low-pass filtered white noise process for ...

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Review

Published 10 Jul 2017

Full text

Multimodal cantilevers with novel piezoelectric layer topology for sensitivity enhancement

Steven Ian Moore,
Michael G. Ruppert and
Yuen Kuan Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 358–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.38

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Figure 1: The dimensions of the basic cantilever design. The gray zone is the piezoelectric layer. The zoomed...

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Figure 2: (a)–(d) The first four mode shapes of the cantilever from the FE model. (e)–(f) The modes measured ...

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Figure 3: The instrumentation circuits. (a) The voltage driven arrangement. (b) The charge driven arrangement....

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Figure 4: The electrical model of a piezoelectric device.

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Figure 5: The experimental setup to characterize the cantilever designs.

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Figure 6: Voltage drive magnitude responses of the cantilevers C1–C4. (a)–(d) The responses from input voltag...

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Figure 7: Charge driven magnitude responses of the cantilevers C1–C4. (a)–(d) The responses from input voltag...

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Figure 8: Amplitude noise density spectra of the output voltage V_o for the reference cantilever C1 and optimi...

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Figure 9: To perform multifrequency AFM using cantilever C2 with modes M1 and M2 simultaneously, the presente...

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Figure 10: The layout of the piezoelectric layer on the cantilever to optimally actuate and sense M1–M4. The c...

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Full Research Paper

Published 06 Feb 2017

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High-bandwidth multimode self-sensing in bimodal atomic force microscopy

Michael G. Ruppert and
S. O. Reza Moheimani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 284–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.26

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Figure 1: Simplified cross-section schematic of a beam with bonded piezoelectric layer. An electric field E₃ ...

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Figure 2: (a) Annotated photo, (b) schematic and (c) electrical circuit model of the piezoelectric cantilever....

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Figure 3: Block diagram representing the transfer function from voltage actuation and tip disturbance to char...

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Figure 4: Block diagram of the self-sensing scheme with dual feedforward compensator to cancel the capacitive...

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Figure 5: Photo of the implemented PCB circuit for bimodal charge sensing.

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Figure 6: (a) Frequency response measured with the OBD sensor (−) of an NT-MDT NSG01 base-excited cantilever ...

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Figure 7: (a) Frequency response of the first flexural mode measured with the charge sensor before (−) and af...

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Figure 8: (a) Voltage noise density estimate of demodulated amplitude obtained from LIA with low-pass filter ...

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Figure 9: Approach (red, −) and retract (blue, −) curves obtained on a TGZ1 calibration grating with OBD sens...

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Figure 10: AFM Experiment on a TGZ1 calibration grating showing the 3D images of topography and fundamental mo...

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Figure 11: Bimodal experiment with the first and fifth eigenmode of the piezoelectric cantilever on a PS/LPDE ...

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Full Research Paper

Published 24 Feb 2016

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